普通语言学纲要

作品简介

普通语言学及其研究领域；语言学史，包括传统语言学、历史比较语言学和现代语言学；语言学流派及其理论方法，包括描写语言学、功能语言学、结构主义语言学、转换生成语法等；语言结构系统，包括音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学；语言学与相关学科的关系，包括心理语言学、人类语言学、社会语言学和应用语言学等。

刘振聪：应用语言学博士，现为北京第二外国语学院应用英语学院副教授、硕士生导师。学术兼职：北京第二外国语学院学术委员会应用英语学院分会委员，北京联合大学客座教授。主要研究领域包括普通语言学、认知语言学、跨文化交际、英语教学理论与实践、翻译理论与实践等，主持或参与教育部师范司“英语教学研究与论文写作”项目等多项省部级、校级教学科研项目和其它横向联系项目，在《外语教学与研究》、《英语教学》、《山东外语教学》等刊物发表论文20余篇，主编、参编教材、辞典多部。

作品目录

• 前言
• Chapter 1　Language and Linguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Linguistics?
• 2.The Branches of Linguistic
• 3.Important Distinctions in Linguistics
• 4.What Is Language?
• 5.Design Features of Language
• 6.Origin of Language
• 7.Functions of Language
• CASE STUDY　The Tower of Babel
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 2　Phonetics and Phonology
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Phonetics?
• 2.Organs of Speech
• 3.Broad and Narrow Transcriptions
• 4.Classification of English Speech Sound
• 5.Classification of English Vowel
• 6.What Is Phonology?
• 7.Phone,Phoneme,and Allophone
• 8.Phonemic Contrast,Complementary Distribution,and Minimal Pair
• 9.Some Rules in Phonology
• 10.Suprasegmental Features
• CASE STUDY　What Can Phonetics and Phonology Do Solve Crime?!
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 3　Morphology
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Morphology?
• 2.Word Class,Open Class and Closed Class
• 3.Morpheme（词素）,Allomorph（词素变体）,Free and Bound Morpheme,Root,Affix,Stem,Prefix and Suff
• 4.Derivational and Inflectional Morphem
• 5.Morphological Rules and Word Formation
• 6.Compounds（复合词）
• 7.Derivation（派生词）
• 8.Conversion（转换词）
• 9.Backformation（逆构词法）
• 10.Clipping（截断法）
• 11.Blending（混合词）
• 12.Acronym（首字母缩略词）
• 13.Initialism（首字母组合）
• 14.Invention
• 15.Borrowing
• CASE STUDY　Enlarge English Vocabulary through Mobile Apps
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 4　Semantics
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Semantics?
• 2.Some Views on Meaning
• 3.Sense and Reference
• 4.Seven Types of Meaning
• 5.Semantic Fields
• 6.Componential Analysis
• 7.Major Sense Relations Between Words
• 8.Sentence and Proposition
• 9.Semantic Roles
• 10.Predication Analysis
• 11.Semantic Relationships Between Sentences
• CASE STUDY　Meaning of Colors
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 5　Syntax
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Syntax?
• 2.Word-level Categories
• 3.The Prescriptive Approac
• 4.The Descriptive Approac
• 5.Constituent Structure Grammar
• 6.Systemic Functional Grammar
• 7.Phrase Categories and Phrase Structures
• 8.Phrase Structure Rule
• 9.The S Rule:S→NP V
• 10.Transformations
• CASE STUDY　Shuōwén Jiěz?
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 6　Pragmatics
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Pragmatics?
• 2.Sentence Meaning and Utterance Meaning
• 3.Micropragmatics and Macropragmatics
• 4.Reference
• 5.Deixis
• 6.Anaphora
• 7.Presupposition
• 8.Speech Act Theor
• 9.Classification of Illocutionary Act
• 10.Indirect Speech Acts
• 11.The Cooperative Principle and Its Maxim
• 12.Conversational Implicatures
• 13.The Politeness Principl
• 14.Relevance Theor
• CASE STUDY　The Violation of the Maxim of Quality
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 7　Discourse Analysis
• Introduction:
• 1.What Is Discourse and Discourse Analysis?
• 2.Information Structure
• 3.Cohesion
• 4.Coherence
• 5.Discourse Markers
• 6.Conversational Analysis
• 7.Critical Discourse Analysis
• CASE STUDY　Joke:How Man Differs from Woman
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 8　Schools of Linguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.Traditional Grammars
• 2.Saussure and Modern Linguistics
• 3.The Prague Schoo
• 4.The London Schoo
• 5.American Structuralism
• 6.Chomsky’s Transformational-Generative Grammar
• 7.Case Grammar
• 8.Generative Semantics
• CASE STUDY　International Mother Language Day
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 9　Teaching Methodology and Testing
• Introduction:
• 1.The Grammar-Translation Method
• 2.The Direct Metho
• 3.The Audio-Lingual Metho
• 4.Situational Language Teaching
• 5.Functional Language Teaching
• 6.Communicative Language Teaching
• 7.Classification of Tes
• 8.The Main Types of Language Test
• 9.Principles of Language Testing
• CASE STUDY　Coursera and Netease’s Open Class
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 10　First and Second Language Acquisition
• Introduction:
• 1.Theories of Child Language Acquisitio
• 2.Factors in Child Language Development
• 3.Stages of Acquiring the First Language
• 4.Atypical Development of Child Language
• 5.The Relationship Between First and Second Language Acquisition
• 6.Contrastive Analysis
• 7.Error Analysis（EA）
• 8.Interlanguage
• 9.SLA Models and Input Hypothesis
• 10.Individual Difference
• CASE STUDY　Poverty of the Stimulus
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 11　Cognitive Linguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.Categorization and Categories
• 2.The Classical Theory of Categorizati
• 3.The Prototype Theory of Categorizati
• 4.Levels of Categorization
• 5.Conceptual Metaphor
• 6.Conceptual Metonymy
• 7.Image Schemas
• 8.Iconicity
• 9.Grammaticalization
• CASE STUDY　Metaphors We Live By
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 12　Language and Culture
• Introduction:
• 1.The Definition of Cultu
• 2.The Relationship between Language and Cultur
• 3.The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesi
• 4.Cultural Difference
• 5.The Significance of Cultural Teaching and Learni
• 6.Cultural Overlap and Diffusio
• 7.Cross-cultural Communication
• CASE STUDY　Chinese Dragon vs.Western Dragon
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 13　Sociolinguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.The Definition of Sociolinguistics and Its Sco
• 2.Language Varieties
• 3.Language Planning
• 4.Diglossia
• 5.Bilingualism and Multilingualism
• 6.Code-switching
• 7.Linguistic Taboos and Euphemisms
• 8.Language and Gender
• CASE STUDY　A New York City Study by William Labov
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 14　Psycholinguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.The Definition of Psycholinguisti
• 2.Research Methods in Psycholinguistics
• 3.Language Acquisition
• 4.Language Production
• 5.Language Comprehension
• 6.Language and Though
• CASE STUDY　Rat&Food Experiment by B.F.Skinner
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 15　Neurolinguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.The Definition of Neurolinguisti
• 2.The Structure and Function of the Human Brai
• 3.Methods in Neurolinguistics and Evidences for Lateralization
• 4.Aphasia
• CASE STUDY　Neurolinguistics as an Interdisciplinary Field
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 16　Corpus Linguistics
• Introduction:
• 1.Corpus
• 2.Famous Figures
• 3.Development of Corpus Linguistics
• 4.Factors to Be Considered When Designing a Corpus
• 5.Four Aspects Considered for A Diachronic Multipurpose Corpus
• 6.Text Encoding and Annotation
• 7.Types of Corpora
• 8.Taxonomies of Corpora
• 9.Representative Corpora
• 10.Features of Corpus Linguistics
• 11.Applications of Corpora
• 12.Software Programs for Corpor
• 13.Strengths of Corpus Linguistics
• 14.Weaknesses of Corpus Linguistics
• 15.Future Trends
• CASE STUDY　Global Language Monitor
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• Chapter 17　Stylistics
• Introduction:
• 1.The Definition of Stylisti
• 2.General Features of the Literary Language
• 3.The Language in Poetr
• 4.The Language in Fictio
• 5.The Language in Dram
• 6.The Cognitive Approach to Literatur
• 7.Style of English for Science and Technology
• 8.Journalistic English Style
• 9.Style of English for Advertisement
• CASE STUDY　Turn-taking Style in Translation
• Exercises
• Suggestions for Further Reading
• References